In collaboration with my colleague Josep de Perched on the network, we have prepared this article with a detailed interactive map Travel Ruy González de Clavijo to Samarkand. The first European diplomatic embassy to Central Asia.
After the catastrophe of the Christian kingdoms in the Battle of Nicopolis against Bayezid I (1396), Emperor of Constantinople made a trip from the West trying to raise arms, money, and men as a last defense, since the city was completely surrounded by the Turks, meanwhile arrived in Europe, news of the Great Tamerlane, who from Central Asia had achieved several victories, from Delhi to Damascus.
View Embassy to Tamerlane in a larger map
Henry III, which had highlighted sending embassies to the Sultan of Babylon Cairo and other Muslim kings of North Africa, sent Payo Gómez de Soto and Hernán Sánchez de Palazuelos to Tamerlane (although it is likely that initially intending to be credited also to Bajazet). Ambassadors agreed Angora (now Ankara) in 1402, just as Tamburlaine the battle which took place in plain Tchibukova, where defeated Ottoman Sultan. According to some historians, Bayezid I after being taken prisoner was locked in a cage that was used by Tamerlane as a step, which support their feet to mount his horse. Bayazid died soon after
1403 Grand Tamerlane was the Castilian ambassadors and ordered Mohamad Al Qazl (The Kesh) to accompany them back, with a letter from Timur to the King of Spain, informing his victory over Bayezid I, the envoy brought with him, presents for the king and captives, Catherine, and Maria Angelina, Hungarian three princesses, who had been released from Turkish rule, the delegation was received by the king and court in Segovia.
Dominicans and Franciscans preached since 1318 in Tabriz (Persia), Pope Boniface IX was appointed bishop in those lands to Joannes de Galonifontibus, which in July of 1402 he was sent back to Europe by Tamerlane with letters to the kings Henry IV England and Charles VI of France with the purpose of announcing the news of the victory over Bajazet, and make new alliances, and the news coming to Genoa, Venice, London and Paris.
After hearing the news that brought her back Payo Gomez and Hernan Sanchez. To improve relations with the Great Tamerlane, in the year 1403, King Henry III, decided to send a new delegation of 14 people. In front of the embassy were Ruy González de Clavijo, the master theologian Fray Alonso Pérez de Santamaria and the king's guard Gómez de Salazar, who were sent as ambassadors to Samarkand, the court of the Great Tamerlane, a great trip that lasted three years. He walked back to the Mohamad Al Qazl issue, the envoy of the previous expedition.
Ruy González de Clavijo boats in the harbor of Santa Maria on 22 May 1403, sailed to Malaga, Cartagena, Formentera and Mallorca. On July 18 near Stromboli, are caught in a storm and can see the meteorological phenomenon of the "Lights of San Telmo, luminescent balls appear at the top of the masts at the end of the storm, and that was a sign of good omen.
continue sailing to Rhodes, and thence to Constantinople, where they were received with honors by King Manuel II.
After crossing the Black Sea, landed in Trabzon and crossed by Armenia, Persia and Turkestan down to Samarkand, where they arrived sixteen months later in September 1404.
The real save Gómez de Salazar who accompanied the delegation, died at Nishapur during the expedition before reaching their destination ..
On September 8, 1404, the Ambassadors have the opportunity to appear before the Great Tamerlane, who made the following statement:
"Behold these ambassadors who sends me my son, the King of Spain, which is the greatest King that there among the Franks, and are very great people! In truth I give you my blessing to my son King "
there is that coinciding with the delegation in China and being such a platform to a higher altitude than the Spaniards, the Tamerlane brought down the Chinese and instead placed Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo and his entourage.
In Samarkand the Great Tamburlaine the Great quriltai held, a celebration that was to the election of a new puppet Kan, who happened to Muhammad b. Qan Soyurghatmish, who died in 1402 (805). attended the annals many embassies including those of China, and that of Ruy González de Clavijo, sent by King Henry III of Castile. The ambassadors stayed about three months in court, where they were invited to countless parties and celebrations.
Without much explanation the ambassadors were invited to leave Samarkand, Tamerlane without response to the letter from King or even say goodbye. Tamerlane was preparing for the greatest achievement: a campaign against China. Gathers a huge army and vast amounts of supplies, and late fall of 1404 addresses Utrar, where he planned to overwinter. There he died on January 19, 1405 (807) because of an illness.
On the way back, the ambassadors received the news of the death of Tamerlane and soon were arrested and stolen in Persia, where they were six months of captivity.
In March of 1406 arrived at San Lucar de Barrameda and then went to Alcalá de Henares where the king received them.
Ruy González de Clavijo was a witness in the will of Henry III, in December of that year, 1406 and died on April 2, 1412, is buried in the Real Basilica de San Francisco el Grande, having left an interesting account of travel. We can now contemplate
mark this historic embassy in the streets and buildings of Samarkand. Astronomical observatory in the Ulug Bek we get up a painting alluding to the Castilian ambassadors. Tamerlane built a town at the edge of Samarkand called Madrid. In 2004 the avenue was opened Ruy González de Clavijo next to the Gur-Emir.
Links:
trip
Chronicle: online copy of the chronicle of the trip written by Ruy González de Clavijo.
Madrileños World: The TV shows Madrid in Samarkand.
Youtube: Video describing the adventure of Ruy González de Clavijo.
Sources: Wikipedia
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